Comparison of the respiratory metabolism of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in seawater and freshwater     

DING Sen  WANG Fang  DONG Shuanglin  and LI Ying 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):331-337

Litopenaeus vannamei, a euryhaline species, can be cultured at a wide range of salinities. The emergence of freshwater pond-culture of L. vannamei is an important prelude to the continued development of shrimp culture in China. In this study, we compared the respiratory metabolism of juvenile L. vannamei cultured in freshwater and saltwater by measuring their oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ammonium-type nitrogen excretion rate (AER) and pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities at different molting stages in order to physiecologically characterize juvenile L. vannamei under freshwater conditions. The results showed that OCR was significantly higher in saltwater than in freshwater at all stages of molting cycle. However, variation of OCR among molting stages in saltwater was similar with that in freshwater, and the highest OCR was observed at post-molting stage. At all stages of molting cycle, AER was significantly higher in freshwater than in saltwater, and the highest was observed at post-molting stage. The activity of PK was significantly higher in saltwater than in freshwater. Conversely, the activity of LDH was higher in freshwater than in saltwater in general. Significant variation of PK and LDH activities in molting cycle was observed in saltwater and freshwater. The results indicated that aerobic metabolism of juvenile L. vannamei was more active in saltwater than in freshwater; while its protein metabolism was more active in freshwater than in saltwater.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary potassium on growth,nitrogen metabolism,osmoregulation and immunity of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in low salinity seawater     

LIU Hongyu  ZHANG Xinjie  TAN Beiping  LIN Yingbo  CHI Shuyan  DONG Xiaohui  and YANG Qihui 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):311-320

An 8 weeks feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary potassium on the growth and physiological acclimation of Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in diluted seawater(salinity 4). Six semi-purified practical diets containing 0.59, 0.96, 1.26, 1.48, 1.74, and 2.17+ g potassium K per 100 g diet were formulated, respectively. The survival and feed conversion rate did not show significant difference among groups of shrimps given these diets(P0.05). The shrimps fed the diets containing 0.96-1.48 g K+ per 100 g diet gained the highest weight, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio. Their ammonium-N excretion rate as well as hemolymph concentration of Na+ and Cl- were significantly lower than those of the control(P0.05), but a reverse trend was observed for their gill Na+/K+-ATPase. Moreover, the shrimps fed with 1.48 g K+ per 100 g diet were the highest in hemolymph urea level, and the phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities were significantly higher than those of the control(P0.05). The growth and physiological response of the test shrimps suggested that diet containing 1.48 g K+ per 100 g diet improved the growth of L. vannamei in low-salinity seawater, and enhanced the physiological acclimation of the organism.  相似文献   

城市能源利用与CO_2排放的多尺度综合评价(英文)     

张丽君  刘刚军  秦耀辰 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,(4)

Accurate and detailed accounting of energy-induced carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions is crucial to the evaluation of pressures on natural resources and the environment, as well as to the assignment of responsibility for emission reductions. However, previous emission inventories were usually production- or consumption-based accounting, and few studies have comprehensively documented the linkages among socio-economic activities and external transaction in urban areas. Therefore, we address this gap in proposing an analytical framework and accounting system with three dimensions of boundaries to comprehensively assess urban energy use and related CO2 emissions. The analytical framework depicted the input, transformation, transfer and discharge process of the carbon-based(fossil) energy flows through the complex urban ecosystems, and defined the accounting scopes and boundaries on the strength of ‘carbon footprint' and ‘urban metabolism'. The accounting system highlighted the assessment for the transfer and discharge of socio-economic subsystems with different spatial boundaries. Three kinds methods applied to Beijing City explicitly exhibited the accounting characteristics. Our research firstly suggests that urban carbon-based energy metabolism can be used to analyze the process and structure of urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Secondly, three kinds of accounting methods use different benchmarks to estimate urban energy use and CO2 emissions with their distinct strength and weakness. Thirdly, the empirical analysis in Beijing City demonstrate that the three kinds of methods are complementary and give different insights to discuss urban energy-induced CO2 emissions reduction. We deduce a conclusion that carbon reductions responsibility can be assigned in the light of production, consumption and shared responsibility based principles. Overall, from perspective of the industrial and energy restructuring and the residential lifestyle changes, our results shed new light on the analysis on the evolutionary mechanism and pattern of urban energy-induced CO2 emissions with the combination of three kinds of methods. And the spatial structure adjustment and technical progress provides further elements for consideration about the scenarios of change in urban energy use and CO2 emissions.  相似文献   

Effect of Dietary Potassium on Growth,Nitrogen Metabolism,Osmoregulation and Immunity of Pacific White Shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamel） Reared in Low Salinity Seawater     

《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(2):311-320

An 8 weeks feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary potassium on the growth and physio-logical acclimation of Pacific white shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamei） reared in diluted seawater （salinity 4）. Six semi-purified practical diets containing 0.59, 0.96, 1.26, 1.48, 1.74, and 2.17 g potassium K＋ per 100 g diet were formulated, respectively. The survival and feed conversion rate did not show significant difference among groups of shrimps given these diets （P〉0.05）. The shrimps fed the diets containing 0.96-1.48 g K＋ per 100g diet gained the highest weight, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio. Their ammonium-N excretion rate as well as hemolymph concentration of Na＋ and C1- were significantly lower than those of the control （P〈0.05）, but a reverse trend was observed for their gill Na＋/K＋-ATPase. Moreover, the shrimps fed with 1.48 g K＋ per 100 g diet were the highest in hemolymph urea level, and the phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities were significantly higher than those of the control （P〈0.05）. The growth and physiological response of the test shrimps suggested that diet containing 1.48 g K＋ per 100 g diet improved the growth of L. vannamei in low-salinity seawater, and enhanced the physiological acclimation of the organism.  相似文献   

Microbial Diversity in Hydrothermal Systems and Their Influence on Geological Environments     

Kousuke ISHII  Katsumi MARUMO 《Resource Geology》2002,52(2):135-146

Abstract: Microorganisms found at terrestrial and seafloor hydrothermal systems are classified based on their optimum growth temperatures. Prokaryotes exhibiting optimum growth temperatures above 45C are defined as thermophiles, while those with optimum growth temperatures above 80C are called hyperthermophiles. Hyperthermophiles have chemically and thermodynamically stable cytoplasmic‐membrane consisting of ether–lipids. Hyperthermophiles observed at temperature up to 113C in seafloor hydrothermal areas should have thermostable proteins. Presumably, the thermostable proteins are replacing certain amino acid residue by proline instead of alanine in order to increase hydrogen bonds and salt bridges. Microorganisms inhabiting terrestrial and seafloor hydrothermal areas obtain energy mainly by use of chemical disequilibrium, so that their habitat may be restricted to the redox boundary between ambient water and reduced hydrothermal fluids. Among more than 200 species of cultivable thermophiles and hyperthermophiles, hyperthermophiles mainly obtain energy by sulfur reduction, because this reaction can produce energy efficiently at > 80C. Some hyperthermophilic sulfur reducers can reduce Cr(VI), Mn(IV), Fe(III), Co(III), As(V), Se(VI), Tc(VII), Au(III) and U(VI) through hydrogen or organic compounds that act as reducing agents for yielding energy. Some hyperther‐mophiles use W instead of Mo for activating their enzymes. Bacteria can pump out toxic metal ions from their cells, however toxic metal resistance systems of archaea, including hyperthermophiles, have not yet been studied. Methane producing hyperthermophiles can yield energy by the autotrophic reaction, when sufficient carbon dioxide and molecular hydrogen can be supplied and methane can be removed from hydrothermal systems. If nitrogen can be supplied into a hydrothermal system, hydrogen oxidization by nitrogen species (e.g. NO₃^‐, NO₂^‐, NO and N₂O) may be expected through the metabolism of some hyperthermophiles.  相似文献   

不同条件下凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)能量代谢研究          下载免费PDF全文

李婷  梁堪富  李义军  王平  孙成志  孙成波 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(1):41-46

通过设置不同温度、盐度、pH值和摄食状态的方法,研究凡纳滨对虾在不同条件下的无机磷、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、氨氮的释放率.结果表明,温度、体重、盐度、pH值和摄食状态对其代谢存在影响.无机磷、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮、氨氮的释放率与体重呈负相关;在20-30℃的温度范围内,随着温度的上升,凡纳滨对虾磷、亚硝酸氮、氨氮的释放率均上升,...  相似文献   

大弹涂鱼（Boleophthalmus pectinirostris）窒息点及昼夜代谢规律     

曹伏君  郭良珍 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(6):759-763

在水温25℃时,采用封闭静水式和封闭流水式装置测定了大弹涂鱼的窒息点及其昼夜代谢规律。结果表明,大弹涂鱼的窒息点为0.71mg/L;其标准代谢（SM）和常规代谢（RM）随体质量的增加而降低,不同规格处理组昼夜变化规律相同,即夜间代谢强于白天,但不同处理组SM（F=35.247,P〈0.01）和RM（F=4.679,P〈...  相似文献   

增强的UV-B辐射对地木耳中抗逆性物质的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王弋博  曲颖  杨亚军 《冰川冻土》2011,33(3):654-658

实验室条件下模拟兰州地区夏至臭氧层衰减12％、20％和40％时增强的UV-B辐射2.54kJ·m-2·d-1(T1)、4.25 kJ·m-2· d-1 (T2)和8.35 kJ·m-2·d-1(T3),研究了不同强度的UV-B辐射对陆生蓝藻地木耳（Nostoc commune）中的的抗逆性物质光合色素（叶绿素a、类胡...  相似文献   

宁波沿海陆源排污口细菌结构多样性和铁代谢相关的毒力基因的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张迪骏  李春丽  周君  张春丹  王中华  苏秀榕 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(6):1628-1635

应用多重PCR技术对肠杆菌铁代谢相关毒力基因fhuA、irp2、sltA和sodB进行同步检测, 研究宁波沿海陆源排污口人畜共患致病菌群落结构在人类活动影响下的分布差异及对环境因子变化的响应趋势。通过16S rRNA 基因的PCR扩增和限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP)分析技术, 研究了东海重要陆源排污口的细菌群落多样性; 建立肠杆菌铁载体外膜受体蛋白fhuA、铁调节蛋白irp2、类志贺样毒素sltA、含铁超氧物歧化酶sodB基因多重PCR体系, 并用该体系检测铁代谢相关毒力基因在陆源排污口的分布情况。2011年3、5、8、10月份, 在宁波沿海陆源排污口中共分离纯化1000余株、98种细菌, 16S rRNA 基因序列分析表明, 它们分属于4个门5个纲13个科21个属, 其中?-变形杆菌纲(67株, 68.4%)和芽孢杆菌纲(16株, 16.3%)分别为变形菌门、厚壁菌门中主要纲。98株细菌中, fhuA+irp2+sodB+基因型检出率为35.71%; fhuA+irp2+ sltA+的基因型检出率为25.27%; irp2的基因型检出率为13.19%; fhuA基因型检出率为12.09%; fhuA+ irp2+ 基因型检出率为9.89%; sltA+sodB+基因型检出率为8.79%; fhuA+irp2+sodB+sltA+基因型检出率为8.79%。  相似文献   

Immune-relevant and new xenobiotic molecular biomarkers to assess anthropogenic stress in seals     

《Marine environmental research》2013

  相似文献